Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with approximately 1.9 million new cases diagnosed and nearly 935,000 deaths each year, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). This cancer is particularly common in developed countries, notably North America, Western Europe, Australia and Japan, where dietary habits and sedentary lifestyles increase risks. However, the incidence is also increasing in developing countries, where diets and lifestyle habits are gradually becoming Westernized.
Awareness of symptoms
The symptoms of colorectal cancer (blood in the stools, abdominal pain, alternating diarrhea/constipation, weight loss, fatigue) should be taken seriously. Consulting a professional as soon as these signs appear can allow for an early diagnosis.
Importance of screening
Screening is one of the most effective ways to reduce colon cancer-related mortality. In countries where it is well established, screening programs target people aged 50 and over. These programs help detect the disease at an early stage, thereby increasing the chances of recovery. For example, detecting colorectal cancer at an early stage increases the chances of survival to 90%, compared to only 13% for cancer detected late. It is therefore crucial to get tested.
Risk factors
Colon cancer is linked to several common risk factors worldwide:
Diet: A diet high in red meat, processed meats and low in fiber increases the risk. Many countries today encourage a more balanced diet, rich in vegetables, fruits and whole grains to reduce this risk.
Sedentary lifestyle: Lack of physical activity is an important risk factor. In many regions, promoting regular physical activity is now part of public health initiatives to reduce the risk of cancer.
Tobacco and alcohol: Smoking and drinking alcohol increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer. Public health campaigns around the world seek to raise awareness of the dangers of these behaviors.
Overweight and obesity: Obesity is increasingly prevalent worldwide, and is strongly associated with the risk of colorectal cancer, particularly abdominal obesity.
Genetic predispositions: About 5% of cases of colorectal cancer are hereditary in origin, and genetic predispositions such as Lynch syndrome increase the risk. In many countries, families at risk are invited for earlier screenings.
WHO recommendations for prevention
To limit the impact of colorectal cancer, the WHO and other international health organizations recommend the following measures:
Adopt a diet rich in fiber: Consuming more fruits, vegetables and whole grains, and limiting red and processed meats, would reduce the risk of developing the disease.
Engage in regular physical activity: Doing moderate exercise, such as brisk walking, at least 150 minutes a week helps reduce the risk.
Avoiding tobacco and limiting alcohol: These behaviors are linked not only to colorectal cancer, but also to many other serious illnesses.
Participate in regular screenings: From the age of 50, or sometimes earlier for those who present increased risks, screening programs make it possible to detect cancer at early stages and therefore radically change the prognosis of cancer.
Colonoscopy and FIT test: essential tools for screening
Two of the main screening tools for colon cancer are colonoscopy and the fecal occult blood immunoassay (FIT). Colonoscopy is considered the gold standard because it allows direct inspection of the colon wall and removal of precancerous polyps before they develop into tumors. It is generally recommended every ten years from the age of 50 for people at average riskand earlier or more frequently for those with a family history of colorectal cancer.
The FIT test, on the other hand, is a simple, inexpensive test that involves analyzing a stool sample for traces of blood invisible to the naked eye, often the first sign of a polyp or tumor. FIT is recommended every one to two years and is an accessible alternative. Although less precise than colonoscopy, it remains very effective for mass screening and helps identify cases requiring colonoscopy. Together, these tests are at the heart of prevention strategies in many countries, helping to detect cancer at an early stage, increasing the chances of survival and reducing colorectal cancer-related mortality.
Coloscan: a less invasive alternative for screening
CT colonography, also called virtual colonoscopy, is a non-invasive method that uses computed tomography (CT) to obtain 3D images of the colon and rectum. Unlike traditional colonoscopy, CT colonoscopy does not require internal endoscopy, making it a more comfortable option for many patients. This screening is often offered every five years and allows polyps or abnormalities to be identified without requiring anesthesia.
Although CT colonography is a valuable tool, it has certain limitations: it cannot remove identified polyps, requiring a follow-up colonoscopy if an abnormality is detected.
In addition to colonoscopy and FIT, CT colonography therefore offers an additional option for screening, particularly useful for patients who cannot or do not wish to undergo traditional colonoscopy. Used in combination with other methods, it strengthens the preventive approach and contributes to the early detection of colon cancer, thus increasing the possibilities of treatment and the chances of cure.
Colon cancer prevention is based on a proactive approach including regular screening, adoption of healthy lifestyles and awareness of risks. By integrating screening tools such as colonoscopy, the FIT test and CT colonography, it is possible to detect early abnormalities and significantly increase the chances of cure. A diet rich in fiber, regular physical activity, and avoiding tobacco and alcohol also help reduce the risks. By combining these prevention measures, we have the means to slow the incidence of colorectal cancer and improve long-term quality of life.
