The three recommended methods
Varénicline : This medication works by mimicking the effects of nicotine while reducing the pleasure associated with smoking. It acts as a partial agonist, taking the place of nicotine on the receptors without generating the same satisfying effect. However, varenicline is currently no longer available in certain countries, including a large part of Europe, for production reasons.
Cytisine : Showing similar effects to varenicline, this substance blocks nicotine at specific receptors, thereby reducing withdrawal symptoms. Although sold in 18 countries, it is not yet authorized in regions such as Western Europe and the United States.
Nicotine electronic cigarette : The study reveals that electronic cigarettes containing nicotine significantly increase withdrawal rates compared to other standard methods. About 14 out of 100 users succeed in quitting smoking long-term with this method, compared to only 6 for those without help. Note that the electronic cigarette is, however, controversial.
Effect of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)
THE nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)in particular the association of a slow release patch with fast-acting substitutes (gum, spray, lozenges), are also recognized as effective. This combination is particularly useful, increasing the success rate to around 12 out of 100 people, compared to 9 out of 100 for those using only one form.
Importance of behavioral support
Researchers emphasize that treatments are more effective when accompanied by a behavioral support (medical or psychological follow-up). This approach, by integrating elements of reward and encouragement, helps smokers to persevere in their effort to quit.
Support in France
In France, the nicotine substitutes are covered at 65% by Health Insurance under prescription. Although the electronic cigarette is not recognized as an official medical treatment, it remains an alternative for smokers who refuse other validated treatments, according to the High Authority of Health (HAS).
The researchers hope that this exhaustive analysis of cessation methods will allow health professionals and smokers to make informed choices adapted to each profile, in a context where smoking remains one of the main causes of preventable diseases.
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