Mongolians began voting on Friday for legislative elections after which the ruling party should retain its majority, despite weariness with the feeling of corruption and the economic situation.
Polling stations in the capital Ulaanbaatar opened at 7:00 a.m. (23:00 GMT), an AFP journalist noted. They will close at 10:00 p.m. (14:00 GMT).
Voters in this vast but sparsely populated (3.4 million people) East Asian country, rich in natural resources and neighboring China and Russia, elect 126 members of the State Great Hural – the national parliament.
The ruling Mongolian People’s Party (PPM), led by Prime Minister Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene, is expected to retain the majority it has enjoyed since 2016 and remain in power for four more years.
But concerns remain about purchasing power being undermined by inflation (it is currently at 7%) and by the feeling among many Mongolians of widespread corruption.
At a polling station in Sergelen sum, Mongolia, June 28, 2024 / Hector RETAMAL / AFP
“A few members of the elite are profiting from the (mining) sector, not ordinary people”Tumurkhuyag Bayanmunkh, a retired miner, told AFP.
“Politicians must stop stealing”says the 46-year-old man.
The sale of alcohol is banned in the capital Ulaanbaatar from Thursday to Saturday, to avoid disrupting the smooth running of the elections.
30% women
Despite the immensity of the country, the preliminary results should be known within a few hours thanks to the electronic voting system.
On the streets of Ulaanbaatar, where half of Mongolia’s population lives, countless election posters represent the entire political spectrum, from liberals to nationalists, populist businessmen and environmentalists.
In a Mongolian political world largely dominated by men, parties are this year required by law to ensure that 30% of their candidates are women.
The campaign ended on Wednesday. The opportunity for the PPM to organize a triumphant meeting in the small town of Zuunmod, during which it promised voters to win “victory for the people”.
The inability of the main opposition movement, the Democratic Party, to offer a credible alternative has fueled the rise of small parties.
Among them is the anti-corruption center-right HUN party, which is expected to increase its number of MPs. Its professional candidates, comfortable with social networks, enjoy significant support among the urban middle classes.
“I think young people pay more attention today to the activity of political parties”says Norovbanzad Ganbat, a 24-year-old computer scientist.
“They see what the PPM has done over the last four years.”she says. “That’s why young people don’t vote for this party”she says.
“Corrupt leaders”
At Wednesday’s rally, Prime Minister Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene accused his political opponents of turning Mongolia into a “country of corrupt leaders” and called for a return of the « discipline ».
During his mandate, however, the country fell sharply in the ranking of the NGO Transparency International, based on the corruption perception index.
Critics of the government say press freedom and the rule of law have also declined in recent years.
An elderly person votes at home in a portable ballot box, June 27, 2024 in Ulaanbaatar / Byambasuren BYAMBA-OCHIR / AFP
To the point that according to the Sant Maral Foundation, the country’s main independent polling institute, more than a third of Mongolians now think that the country “turns into dictatorship”.
“I would describe this election as a referendum for or against (…) Prime Minister Oyun-Erdene” and for or against “a rewriting of Mongolia’s social contract”political analyst Bayarlkhagva Munkhnaran told AFP.
“This (new) social contract aims to transform Mongolia into a true electoral autocracy. While 10 years ago, Mongolia was respected as a liberal democracy”he specifies.
Seen as the successor to the Communist Party that ruled the country with an iron fist for nearly 70 years, the PPM remains popular, particularly among rural dwellers and senior citizens.
“Oyun-Erdene did a very good job”Sodanjamts Oyunchimeg, the 47-year-old leader of a small administrative district, told AFP during Wednesday’s meeting.
“I really support what he’s doing.”
