Detected since the 1960s, the Canada goose, this majestic but invasive bird, continues to see its numbers increase on French territory. According to the latest studies, this introduced species now poses a serious ecological and health challenge, forcing the authorities to radically rethink management and control methods.
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The Canada goose, an ancient presence and a growing impact
Originally introduced for ornamentation and hunting, the Canada goose has adapted to various European environments, often losing its natural migratory behavior. In France, the bird is now widespread, with a population that has exploded, particularly in peri-urban areas, exceeding the 13,000 individuals recorded during the latest counts.
Ecological threat and management constraints
Considered an invasive species since 2010, the Canada goose affects the reproduction of native species and causes significant damage to natural ecosystems, parks, gardens and even agricultural crops through its grazing and trampling. In addition, its droppings represent a major source of nuisance, which can cause health problems and eutrophication in recreational and swimming areas.
The goose is classified as harmful according to the decree of July 8, 2013 (JO of July 14) for a period until June 30, 2014. The decree of September 2, 2016, consolidated as of March 17, 2019, relating to control by hunting populations of certain non-native species, modifies its legal status to make it huntable like geese while being classified as harmful.
Control and limitation strategies
To contain this species, various direct and indirect methods are adopted:
-- Legal measures and restrictions: Introduction of new laws making the introduction of new individuals illegal and regulating hunting.
- Housing management: Modification of the habitat to reduce its attractiveness, such as spacing out mowing or modifying landscaping.
- Scaring and physical control: Use of scarecrows, sound devices, and other techniques to disrupt and displace populations.
- Egg sterilization: Effective technique for controlling reproduction, involving sterilization of eggs to prevent their development.
Implications for biodiversity and public health
Managing the Canada goose is complex and requires a multi-faceted approach that includes both protecting biodiversity and safeguarding public health. Wetlands, which are crucial habitats for many species, are particularly vulnerable to invasion by this bird, requiring vigilance and proactive management.
Collaboration and future research
The fight against the Canada goose involves close collaboration between local authorities, hunters, and scientists to develop effective and sustainable strategies. Further research is needed to assess the long-term impact of current strategies and to explore new management methods adapted to local population dynamics.
This article explores the complexity of managing the growing presence of the Canada goose in France. It highlights the ecological and health challenges posed by this invasive species, while presenting the various strategies adopted to limit its impact on the environment and public health. Ongoing collaboration between different actors is crucial to developing effective responses to this growing challenge.
Sources :
- https://images.cnrs.fr/photo/20210116_0001
- https://professionnels.ofb.fr/sites/default/files/pdf/RevueFS/FauneSauvage321_2018_Art12.pdf
