Discovery of an unanticipated quantum transition in indium oxide films.
French researchers have just shed light on an exceptional and rare quantum phenomenon in indium oxide superconductorsoffering new perspectives for the future of quantum materials.
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A rare quantum transition discovered by French CNRS researchers
A recent study reveals that highly disordered indium oxide superconductors undergo a first-order quantum phase transition. This type of transition, characterized by a sudden change, is extremely rare in superconductors, which typically experience gradual second-order transitions.
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Why research the quantum physics of superconductors?
Quantum research on superconductors aims to develop revolutionary technologies for computing and communication. It focuses on creating superconducting qubits, the fundamental building blocks of quantum computers, which enable exponentially faster calculations than classical computers. This research also explores new superconducting materials to improve qubit performance, reduce energy losses and increase quantum coherence. Additionally, this research contributes to the development of ultrasensitive sensors, improved electricity distribution, and the exploration of new fundamental physical phenomena.
Superfluid rigidity in question
Superfluid stiffness, which measures the resistance of a superconducting state to phase changes, plays a crucial role in our understanding of superconductivity and its failures during phase transitions. Contrary to what is usually observed, the study showed an unexpected and abrupt drop in superfluid stiffness in indium oxide films.
Advanced spectroscopy techniques
To explore the internal properties of these materials, the researchers used microwave spectroscopy. This method allowed them to accurately measure superfluid stiffness, observing a surprising and pronounced drop rather than a gradual change.
Special state of Cooper pairs
The study also revealed unusual behavior of Cooper pairs, pairs of electrons that facilitate superconductivity. The introduction of disorder into the material changed the way these pairs interact, leading to a conflict between the superconducting state and a new insulating state called insulating Cooper pair glass.
Pseudogap diet
The study authors found that the critical temperature at which films lose their superconducting capacity is no longer determined by the magnitude of electron coupling but rather by the superfluid stiffness itself. This indicates that the material is entering a pseudogap regime, a special state where electron pairs form but do not coordinate to maintain superconductivity.
Implications and potential
This rare transition and the new knowledge on superfluid rigidity and the pseudogap regime open promising perspectives for the design of new quantum materials, particularly in high-temperature superconductors, crucial for quantum technologies.
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This article explores a rare quantum phase transition in indium oxide superconductors, highlighting fundamental changes and unexpected discoveries that could influence the future development of advanced quantum materials.
Source : Nature
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