This disorder is characterized by involuntary stopping of breathing during sleep, which can cause startled awakenings. Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) includes various forms, ranging from mild snoring to complete respiratory arrests.
Sleep apnea often results from upper airway obstruction. This obstruction may be caused by relaxation of the pharyngeal muscles or recoil of the tongue, leading to decreased airflow and, sometimes, complete cessations of breathing. These respiratory events reduce blood oxygenation, which can cause frequent micro-awakenings during the night, thus fragmenting sleep.
Consequences and symptoms
Symptoms of sleep apnea include persistent fatigue, daytime sleepiness, frequent waking up, and heart palpitations at night. Cardiovascular impacts can be severe, increasing the risk of hypertension, diabetes and other chronic diseases. The diagnosis is often made by polysomnography, a complete examination which analyzes the different stages of sleep and respiratory disturbances.
The standard treatment for severe sleep apnea is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). This device, consisting of a nasal or facial mask, ensures a constant flow of air keeping the airways open during sleep. Although sometimes uncomfortable at first, the effectiveness of CPAP is widely demonstrated, significantly improving patients’ quality of life.
Other treatments
For those who cannot tolerate CPAP, alternatives exist, such as the mandibular advancement orthosis, a dental appliance that repositions the jaw to keep the airway open. Other approaches include myofunctional rehabilitation, which strengthens the pharyngeal muscles and reduces obstructions.
Special cases and solutions
Some people may develop insomnia alongside their sleep apnea, requiring specific treatment. Concomitant insomnia and apnea syndrome (COMISA) often requires a multidisciplinary approach for effective treatment.
Sleep apnea is a serious but treatable condition. Appropriate medical care allows you to regain quality sleep and significantly improve overall health. For any suspicion of sleep apnea, it is crucial to consult a doctor for diagnosis and appropriate management.
