On December 17, 2024, a state-of-the-art astrochemistry and exobiology laboratory, IR-Coaster, was deployed aboard the International Space Station (ISS). This project, led by the Interuniversity Laboratory of Atmospheric Systems (LISA), the University of Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), the CNRS and the CNES, marks a decisive turning point in the study of chemical processes in space.
Understanding chemical evolution using the space environment
IR-Coaster, for InfraRed-Cubic Orbital Astrobiology Exposure Research, is an experimental device designed to analyze the impact of solar radiation on organic molecules in extraterrestrial conditions. This research is essential to better understand the chemistry at work in environments such as Mars or comets.
An integrated infrared spectrometer makes it possible to measure in real time the modifications undergone by the samples, a major innovation compared to previous space experiments, where analyzes were carried out only before and after the orbital stay. This technology guarantees exhaustive collection of data on chemical transformations.
Molecules of exobiological interest on display
Among the molecules studied are glycine, an amino acid crucial for proteins, as well as two nucleic bases, uracil and guanine, constituents of DNA and RNA. Mellitic acid, also included, is of particular interest for research on Mars, where it could indicate traces of ancient chemical activity.
These samples, prepared in the form of films of a few hundred nanometers, are exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation in specific capsules. This experimental work opens the way to more complex studiesaimed at simulating and analyzing diverse spatial environments.
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A world first: complete integration by LISA
LISA and its partners are not new to this, with four space experiments already under their belt. However, IR-Coaster marks a unique milestone by being entirely designed and managed by this team, from design to scientific exploitation of the results. This project involves around twenty researchers and engineers under the direction of Hervé Cottin and Noël Grand.
An artistic touch with Oscar
In parallel with its scientific objectives, IR-Coaster is bringing Oscar, an artistic initiative created by Stéphane Thidet and produced by the CNES Space Observatory. This installation generates a musical work in response to spatial conditions, illustrating a unique dialogue between science and art. The work will be unveiled upon its return to Earth in 2026.
Perspectives futures
IR-Coaster is the first step towards even more ambitious experiences. With its results, scientists hope to expand their knowledge of the evolution of organic molecules in space, a key area for understanding the origins of life.
This project also symbolizes the synergy between scientific research, technological innovation and artistic expression. By combining academic rigor and creative exploration, it opens new avenues for the study of the universe and our place within it.
