In 2021a new species of mosasaur, called Xenodens calminecharimade his entry into the scientific world. The fossils that allowed its description were unearthed in a phosphate mine in Khouribga, Morocco, and were distinguished by their unusual characteristics. But now a recent study has thrown a wrench into the pond by calling into question the authenticity of these fossils. This raises doubts about their veracity and opens an ethical debate on paleontological practices.
Promising beginnings… but strange
The Xenodens calminechari was first described thanks to a piece of jaw and four very sharp teeth. Mosasaurs, these formidable predators of the Cretaceous seas (between 145 million and 66 million years), are still intriguing with their diversity and marine adaptations. This new species seemed to be a fascinating new element for understanding the complex evolution of mosasaurs.
However, from the start, a few oddities drew attention to these fossils. The way the teeth were packed into a single socket was radically different from all known mosasaur species, where each tooth is housed in its own socket. Enough to arouse curiosity – and suspicion – among scientists.
Towards a shocking revelation? The evidence is piling up
A study published on December 16, 2024 In The Anatomical Record suggests that these fossils may well be fake. Researchers recommend using CT (computed tomography) scans to check whether these age-old remains 72.1 to 66 million years ago are authentic. One of the disturbing elements is this famous “medial overlap” observed on the teeth, which could betray deliberate falsification.
Henry Sharpe, the lead author of this new study and a researcher at the University of Alberta, emphasizes the importance of clearly establishing whether these fossils are bogus if this is confirmed. The fact that the fossil was found in a mine known for possible forgeries only adds fuel to the skeptics' mill.
The scientific world divided: between doubt and indignation
The scientific community is divided in the face of this controversy. Nick Longrich, paleontologist at the University of Bath and lead author of the original study 2021was not easy to reach to react to the new accusations. Henry Sharpe said he was outraged by the apparent reluctance to share more information about the disputed specimen.
Paulina Jiménez-Huidobro, a paleontologist at the University of Bonn, also shares the reservations raised by the new study. She notes that the dentition not only appears unusual in morphological terms but also in terms of its positioning. Wahiba Bel Haouz, researcher at Hassan II University Casablanca, highlights a larger problem: the lack of legislation in Morocco to protect fossil heritage against any fraudulent manipulation.
And now ? Thoughts for tomorrow
The affair of Xenodens calminechari clearly shows the challenges paleontologists face with possibly modified or faked specimens. This case points not only to the need for greater scientific rigor but also to better legal protection to preserve our natural heritage against any commercial or personal abuse.
As the investigation continues and more information is expected to emerge, it becomes essential for the scientific community as well as all those passionate about our prehistoric past to remain alert to sensational discoveries that may not be what they claim. be. This affair also pushes us to think about the ethical questions surrounding the discovery and bringing to light of fossils throughout the world.
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