Half as many greenhouse gas emissions (CO2 equivalent) in the atmosphere by 2030 compared to 1990. To achieve this target, the government is presenting its National Low Carbon Strategy (SNBC) and its multi-year programming of energy (PPE). These two texts, supposed to chart the energy and climate future of France, are entering their final phase of consultation with the French. The latter have six weeks to react to these texts.
The objective is to put France on track with the Paris agreement, warming below 2°C, and the European green pact of carbon neutrality in 2050. “ The objective is tenable. This amounts to reducing emissions by 4.6% each year by 2030”we assure the Ministry of Energy Transition, which recalls that they fell by 5.8% between 2022 and 2023.
This involves freeing the country from its dependence on fossil fuels, which account for 60% of energy consumption and should reach 42% in 2030. The government advocates greater sobriety and energy efficiency, the development of all renewable energies. (including onshore wind power) and the relaunch of nuclear power with the construction of new generation reactors (EPR2) and small reactors (SMR).
Transport and building involved
Transport, which represents 33% of France's emissions, will have to reduce them by a third. The State is banking on electric cars: in 2030, they will have to represent 15% of the vehicle fleet (compared to 2% today). The modal shift towards cycling and river transport is also targeted. It's necessary “ develop cities, increase road use (via carpooling and buses, Editor’s note) and electrify mobility », defends François Durovray, Minister of Transport.
Building, with 16% of emissions, should almost halve them, to reach 35 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent per year in 2030 compared to 62 Mt in 2022. For this, the State wants “ renovate 400,000 individual houses and 200,000 collective dwellings each year on average by 2030 “. But these transformations will have to be done with reduced aid, recognizes Agnès Panier Runacher who nevertheless emphasizes that “ ecological investment is sometimes a shield against greater future expenses ».
« The proposed means do not allow the objectives to be achieved », deplores the Climate Action Network. The method also, which bypasses the parliamentary debate, is challenging since consultation should not fundamentally change the texts, recognizes the government: they will pass by decrees in the first and second quarters of 2025. Greenpeace thus questions “ the sincerity of the approach ».
