Migraines, often considered a purely neurological problem, may have an underlying metabolic component. New research shows that metabolic state and diet play a critical role in the frequency and intensity of migraines, offering a promising alternative to traditional treatments.
A complex and underestimated pathology
Migraine is the second most disabling disease in the world and the first among women. Despite its massive impact, this pathology remains understudied and few innovative treatments are available. Gross believes that migraines are often misinterpreted as just pain, when they can be a warning signal from the body about an energy or hormonal imbalance.
Metabolic health, defined by the body’s ability to efficiently convert food into energy, may be a key factor in managing migraines. Migraines have been linked to low blood sugar levels as early as 1935, reinforcing the hypothesis of a metabolic origin. But about 30 to 70 percent of migraines could be attributed to metabolic imbalances, opening the way to targeted dietary interventions.
The role of diet in preventing migraines
A recent study published in 2024 in Clinical Nutrition explored the effects of a Mediterranean-ketogenic diet on patients with chronic migraines. This diet combines low carbohydrate consumption with foods high in healthy fats, typical of the Mediterranean diet. After just four weeks, participants saw a significant reduction in the frequency and intensity of their migraines. Although the sample of 25 people is limited, the results are encouraging.
This diet emphasizes natural, nutritious foods, while eliminating potential triggers such as caffeine, monosodium glutamate (MSG), and sulfites. For example, meals include nuts, vegetables, fish, and healthy oils like extra-virgin olive oil.
Dr. Gross, who led the study, proposes a four-pillar model for managing metabolic migraines:
- Blood sugar management : Reduce processed sugars and favor whole foods.
- Micronutrient intake : Ensure adequate intake of vitamins and minerals through diet or supplementation.
- Reduction of oxidative stress : Adopt a healthy lifestyle and limit exposure to toxins.
- Alternative sources of energy : Use ketone bodies as an energy source for the brain.
Limits and future perspectives
Although promising, the dietary approach requires additional research to determine precisely what mechanisms are responsible for the effectiveness of diets like ketogenic. In addition, each individual reacts differently to food, highlighting the importance of personalizing diets. Gross recommends a gradual transition to avoid metabolic shock and advises avoiding foods known to trigger migraines.
For Gross, migraines are not just a pain to soothe, but a message the body sends to signal a need for rest or an imbalance. She emphasizes the importance of listening to these signals and proactively responding to your bodily needs.
In summary, although migraines are often thought of as a neurological problem, advances in research are highlighting the crucial role of metabolic health and diet. A nutritional approach, although complex, offers a promising alternative to reduce symptoms and improve patients’ quality of life.
Illustration : DR
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