10 million French people could be affected by 2050

Osteoarthritis is often perceived as a simple consequence of age, but its origins and impacts are much more complex. It can be caused by a calcium or vitamin D deficiency, by trauma or simply by aging.

This degenerative joint disease, which progressively damages cartilage and other joint structures, impacts the quality of life of millions of people. So, what are the causes and how can we manage it?

The exact causes of osteoarthritis remain unknown

Osteoarthritis, this joint disease frequently associated with aging, is often perceived through its symptoms: difficulty moving, pain during daily movements, rigidity. It affects many parts of the body such as the knees, hips and hands. Expected to affect nearly 10 million French people by 2050, osteoarthritis is a musculoskeletal disease affecting the joints and causing their progressive degeneration. Although its exact causes remain partially unexplained, it is recognized that factors such as age and excess weight play a significant role in its occurrence.

Osteoarthritis manifests itself by a degradation of the articular cartilage, a key element allowing the fluidity of movements through its role as a shock absorber. This degradation leads to inflammation and pain due to damage to the innervated structures of the joint. The complexity of osteoarthritis lies in the fact that it affects all components of the joint, including bones and tendons. The progressive nature of this disease can lead to visible bone deformities, such as “parrot beaks,” and a marked reduction in mobility.

Appropriate physical activity could prevent osteoarthritis

When it comes to osteoarthritis, prevention is crucial. It includes maintaining a healthy weight and regularly practicing appropriate physical activity, such as swimming, which minimizes the impact on the joints while strengthening them. A balanced diet is also recommended to avoid excess weight and provide the nutrients necessary to maintain bone and joint health. Therapeutically, interventions vary from the administration of analgesics and anti-inflammatories to more invasive treatments such as surgery, sometimes including the installation of prostheses to restore joint function.

Although osteoarthritis is not directly life-threatening, it considerably impairs quality of life. Studying and correctly treating this disease is therefore a major public health issue. Continuing research to develop innovative treatments is essential to improve the management of this disease and ensure a better quality of life for those affected.