The mpoxpreviously called monkeypoxis a disease which has attracted a lot of attention in 2024. Areas ofepidemics localized have been described in recent years in Central and West Africa. Since 2023, theWorld Health Organization (WHO) stated that theepidemic of mpox has become an emergency public health of international scope (USPPI) following its propagation in more than 75 countries where the disease does not usually exist. The main symptoms of mpox are fever, muscle pain and skin lesions. There disease is due to a virus which spreads from animals (rodents in Africa) to humans. Transmission between humans is possible following direct contact with skin lesions (wounds, scabs), bodily fluids (blood, saliva, semen), or mucous membranes (mouth, anus, natural orifices producing mucus). An antiviral drug, Tecovirimat is effective for the treatment of mpox but it is only given in severe forms for a duration of 15 days orally. The development of rapid tests diagnostic will make it possible in the future to improve diagnosis and prevent human-to-human transmission. There is also prevention through vaccines so the one against smallpox which provides cross-protection against mpox. Other, more targeted vaccines are being tested with fewer side effects.
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