The effects of cannabis on the brain may be much more profound than previously thought. A new study shows that this plant modifies our DNA in unique ways.
The results are surprising: an epigenetic imprint would be left on certain genes linked to essential functions of the body.
Cannabis, especially when it contains high levels of THC (more than 10%), causes changes in DNA methylation. This epigenetic process influences gene expression without altering their sequence. Research led by King’s College London reveals that these changes particularly affect genes involved in the production ofenergy and the immune response.
Among the striking results, the researchers observed changes in the gene CAVIN1known for his role in the regulation of mitochondrial function. This alteration could disrupt the way cells produce the energy necessary for their functioning.
Additionally, regular users of high-potency cannabis are at greater risk of psychotic disorders. People who have already experienced a first episode of psychosis show even more marked epigenetic imprints, which suggests a vulnerability accrue.
The team analyzed blood samples from 682 participants, some of whom had been regular cannabis users since adolescence. The results show that the effects of cannabis on DNA are quite distinct from those caused by tobacco.
This discovery could provide a better understanding of the biological mechanisms by which cannabis influences mental health. In the future, blood tests could help identify individuals at higher risk of developing psychotic disorders.
Finally, this research opens the way to better prevention of the long-term effects of cannabis, particularly among young people, who are more vulnerable to its consequences on their developing brain.
What is DNA methylation?
DNA methylation is an epigenetic process where methyl groups (CH3) attach to DNA, usually on cytosine bases. This phenomenon does not alter the sequence geneticbut modifies the expression of genes by influencing their activation or their inhibition.
This process is essential for the regulation of biological functions. It plays a role in cellular development, immunity, and response to environmental stress. Methylation disturbances are associated with diseases such as cancer, neurological disorders or metabolic diseases.
