The Swissby law, is able to guarantee a place in a bunker for all of its members citizens. The country it is famous for its vast network of bunkers, designed to protect the population in case of nuclear attacks and other emergencies. Here is an overview of the bunkers in Swiss.
The Swiss owns beyond 370.000 bunkersufficient to accommodate more than 9 million peoplewhich exceeds the entire population (8.85 million) of the country. Since 1963, every new building must include an underground shelter, which can also be used as a cellar or tavern in peacetime. I am 9,000 public shelters and those who don't have a bunker under their home can pay to access it if necessary.
Tipi in Bunker
Most bunkers are private and located under homes and buildings. But there are those too publicshelters designed to be operational in a short time and equipped with ventilation systems and sanitation. They are built of reinforced concrete and must resist explosions and radiation. Each person has the right to one square meter of protected space. THE shelters they can also serve different purposes, such as warehouses or data centers, and some have been transformed into museums or hotels.
Among them examples:
Sonnenberg civil defense facility: Located in Lucerne, this bunker can accommodate up to 20,000 people and was inaugurated in 1976. It is one of the largest in the world;
Vitznau Fortress: Another notable example, this fort has become a tourist attraction and museum, showcasing the military history of the region;
Vitznau Fortress: Located in Vitznau, this fortress is one of the most popular tourist attractions. It has been transformed into a museum and offers guided tours that illustrate its history and functions during the Cold War. The structure is also accessible to disabled people and has received excellent reviews from visitors;
Bunker in Sonnenberg: This bunker, located beneath Lucerne, was designed to protect up to 20,000 people and is one of the largest civilian shelters in the world. Today it is open to the public for guided tours that show its historical and structural characteristics;
Infanteriebunker A3951: Located in Bözberg, this bunker has been converted into a museum and offers an educational experience on how bunkers were used during conflicts. Although it has received less attention than others, it represents an important part of Swiss military history;
Gotthard bunker: Although many bunkers in the Gotthard region are secret, some have been declassified and opened to the public. These historic bunkers offer a glimpse into Swiss defensive strategy and are often part of guided tours of the area.
Motivations
The construction of these bunkers was influenced by historical events such as the Cold War and fears related to nuclear attacks. There Swiss he almost ran over 12 billion francs in the construction of these structures from 1962 to today, making it a global model for civil protection. In summary, Swiss bunkers represent not only a civil security measure but also a significant element of culture and the history of the country.
Characteristics
Minimum dimensions: Bunkers must have a minimum surface area of 1 m² and a volume of 2,5 m³ per person. This ensures there is sufficient space for occupants in the event of an emergency;
Construction materials: The walls, ceiling and floor of the bunkers are made of reinforced concretewith a minimum thickness of 60 cm to ensure protection from radiation and explosions. Some bunkers also use materials such as lead and boron for added shielding;
Ventilation Systems: The bunkers are equipped with advanced ventilation systems that use HEPA filters to ensure clean, breathable air, preventing the entry of harmful particles and contaminants;
Revenue Security: Each bunker has two entrances: one for people and one for air, both equipped with hermetic armored doors. These ports prevent radiation from entering and ensure that indoor air remains clean;
Emergency exits: The presence of at least one emergency exit is mandatory, which allows occupants to evacuate safely even in the event of the building collapsing;
Autonomy: Modern bunkers are designed to be self-contained, with energy generation systems such as solar panels or generators. This allows occupants to remain inside the bunker without depending on external infrastructure.
Construction Costs
The average expense for building a bunker is between 2,000 and 3,000 euros per square meter. This cost may vary based on the materials used and the complexity of the project. For an average-sized bunker, total costs range between 60,000 and 90,000 euros. For larger facilities, costs can reach between 200,000 and 300,000 eurosoften exceeding the cost of an apartment.
