The Southern Ocean is full of biological treasures. Recently, researchers have identified a unique new species of starfish, dubbed the “strawberry starfish”, expanding our knowledge of the region’s marine biodiversity. This discovery, resulting from an in-depth study, underlines the unsuspected richness of Antarctic waters and highlights the need for continuous exploration for the preservation of these unique ecosystems.
Antarctica, this vast frozen expanse, remains one of the last unexplored frontiers of our planet. Beyond its snowy landscapes, its deep waters conceal an astonishing biodiversity, often unknown to the general public.
Recently, researchers have brought to light a singular sea creature, the “strawberry” starfish, offering a new perspective on the richness of underwater life in this region. Its unique characteristics have aroused the interest of the scientific community, leading to the detailed publication of this discovery in the specialized journal Invertebrate Systematics. By revealing hitherto unknown species, this research opens up new perspectives on the understanding and preservation of the Antarctic ecosystem.
Meticulous detection work
The Southern Ocean, despite its extreme conditions, is a reservoir of biodiversity that is still largely unknown. A team of researchers from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, attached to the University of California at San Diego, tried to list some specimens. This institution has established itself as a leading center for global research in the Earth sciences, in particular the in-depth study of the oceans.
Focusing specifically on gender
Promachocrinus, more commonly referred to as Antarctic starfish, they undertook a rigorous scientific process. By combining extensive genetic analyzes with detailed morphological studies of collected specimens, they were able to distinguish and classify several species within this genus. This methodology, combining molecular biology and physical observation, has shed light on the unsuspected diversity of these starfish in Antarctic waters.
Promachocrinus fragariusstrawberry starfish
At the heart of the discoveries made by the team of researchers is a particularly remarkable species: the
Promachocrinus fragarius. This starfish is characterized by a singular morphology. Its central body, evoking the shape and texture of a strawberry (bumpy and adorned with circle-shaped indentations) serves as the base for 20 undulating arms, giving the whole a look that is both strange and fascinating.
Close-up of the Antarctic starfish P. fragarius, with some of the cirri removed to reveal a strawberry-shaped base. © Greg W. Rouse
The creature has two types of appendages, with the shorter lower arms featuring a striped, bumpy texture, while the longer upper arms appear feathery and soft.
Lateral view of the starfish of P. fragarius. © E. McLaughlin, et al., 2023
Its color palette is equally intriguing, oscillating between deep purple hues and dark red undertones. As for its habitat, Promachocrinus fragarius has been observed at depths ranging from 65 to 1170 meters, testifying to its ability to adapt to varied and often hostile underwater environments.
As mentioned earlier, the new species was not an isolated discovery during these extensive research projects. The science team, led by Emily McLaughlin, Nerida Wilson and Greg Rouse, also documented several other species of Antarctic feathered sea stars, including three additional new species.
A still mysterious ecosystem
The highlighting of Promachocrinus fragarius has however made it possible to lift the veil on some of the enigmas concealed in the deep seas of Antarctica. Moreover, Rouse states in an article byInsider : “ We’ve gone from one species with 20 arms to now eight species — six with 20 arms and two with 10 arms, under the name Promachocrinus “.
It was originally thought that Promachocrinus kerguelnsis was the only species in the genus Promachocrinus. © Eric A. Lazo-Wasem
But that’s just the tip of the iceberg. Indeed, the oceans, and particularly areas as remote as Antarctica, are home to a multitude of species still unknown to science.
In this context, the researchers highlight an essential tool for understanding this biodiversity: DNA analysis. Genetic samples allow not only to accurately and reliably identify species, but also to understand their kinship, evolution and adaptation to specific environments.
However, collecting and analyzing these samples is only the beginning of the process. The authors insist that to truly understand the richness and complexity of Antarctic marine life, a continuous investment in research is imperative. Only in-depth studies, combining field observations, laboratory analyzes and international collaborations, will make it possible to accurately map the biodiversity of this unique region in the world. A greater knowledge of this fragile environment is essential to preserve it against the effects of climate change.
VIDEO : Antarctic sea star Promachocrinus kerguelnsis moving through its habitat. © National Geographic Kids
