The conclave’s first day in pictures as cardinals look to elect new pope

As the sun set over St Peter’s Square, black smoke began to rise from the temporary chimney of the Sistine Chapel.

A new pope had not been elected on day one of the Catholic papal conclave.

From 70 different countries, the 133 eligible Catholic Church cardinal electors who descended on the Vatican have been tasked with identifying the next pontiff to replace the late Pope Francis.

Thousands more faithful followers of the church had gathered in the square outside the chapel, eagerly awaiting the only sign available to them of the nature of cardinal deliberations — a chimney on the horizon.

Catholic Cardinals wearing red and white gowns lined up in two rows in the Sistine Chapel — Cardinals attending the first day of the conclave inside the Sistine Chapel.(AP: Vatican Media)

Large crowds of people gathered in quadrants of St Peter's Square, seen from atop the Vatican — Followers of the Catholic Church gathered for hours through the first day of cardinal mass and meetings, before the papal conclave began.(AP: Markus Schreiber)

The crowds had to be patient as it took longer than expected for the smoke to rise — more than 3 hours after the start of the conclave.

This was an hour more than it took for smoke to be seen after the first vote in the 2013 conclave that picked Francis.

When a pope is elected, white smoke will rise. While this had not been expected on Wednesday, some cardinals said this week that they had hoped to wrap things up by Thursday or Friday as a show of unity.

A Cardinal wearing red and white robes and a cap seen from behind walking through a red brick Vatican gate — Cardinal Giuseppe Versaldi walking through the Vatican’s St Anna gate before the conclave.(AP: Francisco Seco)

A blurred image of a man praying while holding a rosary bead chain to his forehead — People were seen gathered in prayer in St Peter’s Square as the conclave took place.(Reuters: Guglielmo Mangiaipane)

As night fell over the Vatican, the crowds swelled with many young people and children. Some sang hymns while others danced. One young woman showed off her black miniature poodle dressed as the pope.

Giant television screens that had earlier streamed a solemn procession of cardinals went black at 9pm local time (5am AEST), eliciting groans from the crowds.

Nuns dressed in tan-coloured robes smiling and gesturing while looking up from St Peter's Square — Groups of nuns joined in elation and joy while watching on from St Peter’s Square.(Reuters: Amanda Perobelli)

People kneeling or sitting in prayer in a mass group, lined up within St Peter's Basilica — Large crowds of faithful were seen kneeling in collective prayer in St Peter’s basilica.(AP: Gregorio Borgia)

The cardinal electors had gathered in the Pauline Chapel in silent prayer before proceeding to the 15th-century Sistine Chapel, where tables and chairs were laid out beneath Michelangelo’s frescoes.

They took a group oath of secrecy before each cardinal approached the altar to utter his personal vow not to reveal what happened in the conclave.

Cardinals wearing red and gold robes and white pointed hats sitting in rows holding mass booklets — There are 133 eligible Catholic Church cardinals tasked with electing a new pontiff.(Reuters: Murad Sezer)

A Cardinal's sleeve in a red and white gown with one palm on an open prayer book on a golden lectern — Silent prayers were held among cardinals in the hours leading up to the conclave.(Reuters: Vatican Media)

According to a Vatican video feed, they filed up one by one in front of the Renaissance master’s depiction of the Last Judgement.

The conclave’s master of ceremonies then declared “Extra omnes” — a Latin term for “Everybody out” — and shut the chapel’s heavy doors.

Swiss guards seen in orange and blue regal outfits holding staffs as a cardinal in purple and white nears a wooden doorway — Swiss guards stood guard outside the wooden doors of the Sistine Chapel as cardinals participated in mass.(Reuters: Vatican Media)

A giant Samsung TV screen showing a Cardinal in purple and white robes shutting large brown wooden doors — Vatican Master of Ceremonies Archbishop Diego Giovanni Ravelli was broadcast to the thousands of followers in St Peter’s Square, shutting the doors of the Chapel to formally begin the conclave.(AP: Bernat Armangue)

Under a centuries-old ritual, eligible cardinals aged under 80 vote in secrecy in the Sistine Chapel until one of them secures a two-thirds majority of 89 votes to be elected pope.

This conclave is the largest and the most international ever, and, prior to the chapel shutting, there was no clear frontrunner to succeed Francis.

The challenges facing the 2,000-year-old Catholic Church and the next pontiff are clear: A diplomatic balancing act at a time of geopolitical uncertainty, as well as deep splits within the Church.

A Cardinal's arm, cloaked in red and white robes, signing documents with a black pen on red placemats — Ornate place settings lined long bench tables within the Sistine Chapel for cardinals to undergo the conclave voting process.(Reuters: Vatican Media)

A woman in black clothing holding a yellow sign with a 'Hope For Peace' message — A woman holds a sign for peace in St Peter’s Square during the cardinals’ conclave.(AP: Francisco Seco)

After Wednesday’s single round of voting, the red-hatted “princes of the Church” will hold two votes in the morning session and two in the afternoon in coming days.

Modern papal conclaves are typically short. The 2013 conclave lasted just two days, likewise in 2005 when Francis’s predecessor, Benedict XVI, was elected.

In a sermon ahead of the conclave, Italian Cardinal Giovanni Battista Re, who at 91 is too old to take part in the vote, told his fellow prelates they must set aside “every personal consideration” in choosing the new pontiff and keep in mind “only … the good of the Church and of humanity”.

He also suggested the next pope had to respect diversity within the Church: “Unity does not mean uniformity, but a firm and profound communion in diversity,” he said.

Catholic Cardinals in red robes and white hats sitting inside the marble and gold St Peter's basilica — The ornate marble and golden interior of St Peter’s Basilica during a special mass sermon held by cardinals prior to the conclave.(AP: Gregorio Borgia)

Crowds gathered in the dark in St Peter's Square at the Vatican as the sun sets over the Basilica — Crowds will continue to gather in St Peter’s Square as the papal conclave enters its second day of deliberations to elect a new pope.(Reuters: Alkis Konstantinidis)

Among cardinals’ considerations will be whether they should seek a pope from the global South, where congregations are growing, as they did in 2013 with Francis from Argentina, or hand back the reins to Europe — or even pick a pope from the United States for the first time.

The cardinals have also spent days discussing the most pressing challenges facing the Catholic Church and the character traits its new leader needs.

Three nuns wearing black and white robes standing in a line in prayer while looking upwards with their hands clasped — Nuns of various orders were seen in prayer and anticipation, awaiting any sign of a decision from inside the conclave.(Reuters: Eloisa Lopez)

Nuns in black and white robes holding and eating gelato outside an Ice Cream bar on a cobblestone street — Some nuns were spotted taking a short break away from St Peter’s Square during the hours-long wait for a result from the Sistine Chapel, to indulge in an ice cream.(Reuters: Hannah McKay)

Burning issues include falling priest numbers, the role of women, the Vatican’s troubled balance sheets and how to adapt the Church to the modern world.

Some 80 per cent of the cardinals voting in the conclave were appointed by Francis — who was considered an impulsive yet charismatic champion of the downtrodden.

While cardinals have said they would favour a leader able to protect and develop his legacy, others want a more conservative defender of doctrine.

For now, the eyes of the world are on the Vatican and the Sistine Chapel’s temporary chimney.