The Éclair offensive, of ten days, was led by the jihadists of Hayat Tahrir al-Cham (HTC), whose hard core comes from the Al-Qaeda terrorist organization. This group has been holding a large portion of territory for several years in northern Syria, where it receives support from Turkey. At its head appears Mohammed al-Joulani, 42, creator in 2012 of the Al-Nosra Front, the Al-Qaeda branch in Syria. A group, which, during the Syrian conflict, participated in attacks against Yézidis villages, indicated in 2019 a note from the French Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless (OFPRA).
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