What Is HMPV?
According to a study published in the journal VirusesHMPV was first identified in 2001 in the Netherlands, though evidence suggests its existence since the 1950s. The virus typically spreads through respiratory droplets, direct contact, and contaminated surfaces, much like other respiratory viruses. To understand the fatality and the health complications of HMPV, OnlyMyHealth team interacted with Dr Aabid Amin Bhat, Medical Director, Ujala Cygnus Group of Hospitals, Karnal.
He explains, “Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a respiratory virus that recently gained attention due to a surge in cases in China and other countries, including India. While concerns have arisen about its potential severity, HMPV is not as fatal or transmissible as COVID-19.”
By the age of 10, most children have been exposed to HMPV, leading to some level of immunity. However, its ability to cause illness varies depending on the individual’s immune response and underlying health conditions.
Symptoms and Risk Factors
For most healthy individuals, HMPV causes mild, self-limiting respiratory symptoms. These include cough, runny nose, fever, and sore throat, with recovery typically occurring within 7 to 10 days. Dr Bhat notes, “HMPV primarily causes mild, self-limiting respiratory symptoms such as cough, runny nose, fever, and sore throat in most healthy individuals, with recovery occurring within 7-10 days.”
However, certain populations are at greater risk of severe complications. These high-risk groups include:
- Infants and young children
- Elderly individuals
- People with weakened immune systems
- Individuals with chronic conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or cardiovascular disease
For these groups, HMPV can lead to complications such as pneumonia or bronchiolitis. “It can lead to severe complications like pneumonia or bronchiolitis in high-risk groups, including infants, elderly individuals, and those with weakened immune systems or chronic conditions. According to the CDC, severe cases may result in hospitalization and, rarely, death,” says Dr Bhat.
Also read: Can You Take Antibiotics for HMPV? Expert Shares Early Precautions For The Virus
How Dangerous Is HMPV?
While HMPV can cause serious health issues in vulnerable individuals, it is generally not considered as dangerous as other respiratory viruses such as COVID-19 or influenza. Dr Bhat emphasises, “Unlike COVID-19, HMPV is not a new virus, it has been known since 2001, with evidence of its presence since the 1950s. By the age of 10, most children develop immunity to it.”
The majority of HMPV infections are mild, and deaths are rare. Nevertheless, the potential for severe illness in certain populations underscores the importance of monitoring symptoms and seeking timely medical care when necessary.
-Preventive Measures
As with many respiratory viruses, preventing HMPV infection relies on good hygiene practices and minimising exposure. The virus spreads easily, making measures such as frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and disinfecting surfaces crucial. Dr Bhat adds, “The virus spreads via respiratory droplets, direct contact, and contaminated surfaces, making hygiene and preventive measures crucial.”
For high-risk groups, additional precautions, such as wearing masks during outbreaks and limiting exposure to crowded places, may be necessary.
Also read: COVID-19 Vs HMPV: Could Human Metapneumovirus Trigger A Pandemic-Like Situation?
Treatment and Care
Currently, no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine exists for HMPV. The management of HMPV infections focuses on supportive care, such as staying hydrated, resting, and using over-the-counter medications to alleviate symptoms. Dr Bhat advises, “Management focuses on supportive care, and antibiotics are not effective unless secondary bacterial infections occur. For vulnerable populations, monitoring symptoms closely and seeking medical care for complications is essential.”
In severe cases, hospitalisation may be required to provide oxygen therapy or other medical interventions. Prompt medical attention is critical for high-risk individuals showing signs of severe illness, such as difficulty breathing or persistent fever.
Conclusion
HMPV is not a cause for panic but warrants awareness and vigilance, especially for those in high-risk categories. With proper hygiene, preventive measures, and timely medical care, the risk of severe outcomes can be minimised.
Dr Bhat concludes, “While concerns have arisen about its potential severity, HMPV is not as fatal or transmissible as COVID-19.” Understanding the virus and taking preventive steps can go a long way in protecting yourself and those around you.
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