This quantum simulation reveals a never before seen phase change.
In a stunning breakthrough, researchers have observed a never-before-seen phase change in a quantum simulator, marking a major advance in understanding the states of matter in one dimension.
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Discovery of a phase change in a quantum simulator
After years of research, a team from the University of Maryland managed to observe a long elusive phenomenon : a phase change in a quantum simulator, transforming a chain of atoms from a magnetic state to a non-magnetic state. This rare phenomenon, observed for the first time in a controlled environment, offers new perspectives on the fundamental states of matter. This discovery could potentially pave the way for new applications in technology quantum.
Details of the experiment
Alexander Schuckert and his colleagues used electromagnetic fields to align 23 ytterbium ions into a nearly one-dimensional chain. Although this configuration can be used in quantum computing, it was exploited here mainly for simulation purposes. Scientists have thus created a one-dimensional magnet in ytterbium, which, according to theoretical predictions, should lose its magnetism under the effect of heat due to quantum phenomena. This process demonstrates the ability of quantum simulators to reproduce and study complex physical phenomena.
Overcoming technical obstacles
Simulators and quantum computers normally operate at extremely low temperatures, and heating them up to induce a phase change can often cause malfunctions. To get around this problem, the team adjusted the initial quantum state of the atoms so that, over time, the collective state of the 1D magnet changed as if its temperature had increased, revealing the phase transition never observed previously. This inventive approach avoids the complications associated with physically heating components.
Implications of the discovery
This success is described as exotic because, normally, chains of atoms should not undergo phase transitions. The researchers succeeded in orchestrating this transformation by allowing each ion to interact with others located at a distance, even if they were not in direct contact, thus inducing atypical collective behavior. This delicate manipulation of quantum interactions could lead to significant advances in the manipulation of quantum information.
-Potential of quantum simulators
THE quantum simulatorslike the one used in this experiment, could make it possible to study theoretical systems that are very rare or even non-existent in nature. They could also help explain strange electrical or magnetic behaviors that certain materials exhibit in the real world. These advanced devices open up fascinating perspectives for the development of new technologies based on quantum physics.
Towards simulations at higher temperatures
Currently, these devices are limited to modeling extreme cold conditions, but Schuckert estimates that simulations at higher temperatures could be possible within five years. This would open the way to studying even more existing and theoretical systems. The ability to simulate more varied conditions would significantly increase the relevance and applicability of quantum simulators in research and industry.
Future expansion of simulation capabilities
Expanding the capabilities of these simulators, for example by arranging the ions in two-dimensional networkscould unlock new physics to explore, according to Andrea Trombettoni of the University of Trieste in Italy. This advance suggests a horizon rich in discoveries for quantum physics. The expansion of the experimental configurations would make it possible to model even more complex systems and to study their properties in a new way.
Ireland makes discovery that transcends the boundaries of quantum computing by challenging the foundations of science
This article explores how the discovery of a phase transition in a quantum simulator could transform our understanding of states of matter and potentially revolutionize fields from cryptography to medicine to information technology.
Source : Nature Physics
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