Depression, a mental disorder that affects millions of people worldwide, often requires a multifaceted treatment approach. Among non-drug methods, physical exercise has proven to be particularly effective. But how does exercise influence our mental health? Recent research offers promising explanations.
The benefits of physical exercise on mental health
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines physical activity as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles requiring energy expenditure. This definition encompasses a variety of activities, from walking and cycling to sports and active recreation. The physical health benefits of physical activity are well established, including improving cardiovascular health and strengthening bones and muscles. However, its impact on mental health, although recognized, is still subject to numerous studies.
Biological and psychological mechanisms
Studies show that physically active people have lower rates of anxiety and depression than those who are sedentary. However, the exact mechanisms by which exercise influences mental health are not fully understood. Researchers are particularly interested in the links between exercise and certain brain chemicals, such as dopamine and serotonin, which are known to improve mood.
Recent discoveries about inflammation and dopamine
Researchers from University College London have explored in detail the processes by which exercise reduces depressive symptoms. They found that depression is often associated with increased inflammation, which disrupts dopamine transmission. Dopamine plays a key role in motivation and pleasure, two aspects often affected by depression. Physical exercise, by reducing inflammation and stimulating dopamine transmission, could therefore increase motivation and alleviate depressive symptoms.
Antidepressant effect of aerobic exercise
According to Dr Emily Hird, a member of the Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, “ The antidepressant effect of aerobic exercise has been convincingly demonstrated by controlled trials, but its mechanism remains poorly understood. » Aerobic exercise, in particular, appears to reduce oxidative stress, improve self-esteem and self-efficacy, and increase motivation by decreasing inflammation and boosting dopamine.
Towards personalized treatment strategies
Understanding the mechanisms by which exercise acts on depression could help develop more effective and personalized treatment strategies. The researchers recommend conducting large cohort studies to evaluate these effects in more depth and identify barriers to regular exercise, especially among people suffering from depression.
Encourage appropriate physical activity
In France, the Haute Autorité de Santé recommends that patients with mild to moderate depression follow an adapted physical activity (APA) program. This practice is as effective as drug treatment or psychotherapy and reduces the risk of relapse after recovery. The Mental Health Foundation also advises taking part in outdoor activities to benefit from the mental health benefits of green spaces.
The role of physical exercise in the treatment of depression
Physical exercise, by reducing inflammation and stimulating dopamine, plays a crucial role in the treatment of depression. A better understanding of these mechanisms could lead to more effective interventions and personalized exercise programs, providing a promising new avenue to help people suffering from depression regain a healthy and balanced life.
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