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Since January 1, 2025, Switzerland has applied a law prohibiting the concealment of the face in public places, a measure which includes the full veil, such as the burqa and the niqab. This decision, adopted by referendum in March 2021, continues to provoke diverse reactions, both in Switzerland and abroad.
A widely debated ban
The ban was voted for by a narrow majority of 51.2% during a referendum organized in 2021, under the leadership of the right-wing UDC party (Democratic Union of the Center). The new legislation prohibits the concealment of the face in public places, with exceptions such as medical reasons, climatic conditions or carnivals.
According to the authorities, this measure aims to strengthen public security and guarantee better identification of individuals. The full veil, often associated with the oppression of women, has also been presented as incompatible with the values of equality and freedom advocated by Switzerland.
A marginal phenomenon in Switzerland
However, the figures show that wearing the full veil remains a marginal phenomenon in Switzerland. A study carried out before the referendum estimated the number of women affected throughout the country at a few dozen.
This discrepancy between the scale of the phenomenon and the scope of the law has fueled criticism from its opponents, who consider it disproportionate.
A divisive debate
The partisans: a defense of values and security
Supporters of the ban say the law:
- Promotes the integration of women into Swiss society;
- Strengthens public safety by limiting the concealment of faces;
- Defends Swiss values of freedom and gender equality.
Opponents: a discriminatory measure
Critics, notably human rights NGOs such as Amnesty International, denounce:
- A law stigmatizing an already marginalized religious minority;
- An attack on freedom of religion and individual choice;
- A populist strategy exploiting unfounded fears.
International and national reactions
The legislation has also attracted international attention. Countries that have adopted similar laws, such as France and Belgium, welcomed the decision. However, bodies like the UN Human Rights Council have expressed reservations, saying the ban could violate religious freedom.
In Switzerland, opinions remain divided. Demonstrations took place in several cities to protest against the law, while other citizens say they are reassured by this measure, which they perceive as a defense of traditions and public safety.
Social and cultural implications
The application of this law raises broader questions about the integration of minorities in Switzerland and the balance between individual freedom and societal values. While some see it as a necessary step to protect Swiss principles, others fear that it will aggravate social tensions.
As the ban comes into effect, its impact remains to be assessed. The small number of people affected makes it difficult to directly measure its effectiveness in terms of security or integration.
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burqa, debate on Islam, human rights, gender equality, ban on the full veil, religious freedom, religious minorities, niqab, Swiss referendum, public security, Switzerland 2025
