Can our genetic heritage define whether or not we will be affected by depression? This is the question that a study carried out by the University of Edinburgh and King’s College London attempted to answer. In the results of analyzes carried out by the team of researchers from around the world, 300 genetic risk factors linked to depression, which were previously unknown, were identified.
To achieve this discovery, scientists undertook a very large-scale investigation: the genetic data of 5 million people from twenty-nine countries were collected. The Guardian points out that past research into genetics “involved predominantly white and wealthy populations, neglecting most of the world”. That of the University of Edinburgh and King’s College is an exception: a quarter of the study panel is of non-European origin.
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This diversity in the data analyzed made it possible to identify nearly 700 variants of the genetic code linked to the development of depression. Nearly half of these relationships were previously unknown. According to scientists’ calculations, 308 genes are associated with higher risks of depression. The authors of the study believe that these discoveries will make it possible to better prevent its appearance.
Furthermore, researchers tested more than 1,600 drugs on genetic data in order to observe the reaction of different genes and, possibly, find new treatments to treat depression. Among the molecules tested, promising results were observed with pregabalin, a drug used against chronic pain, and with modafinil, a psychostimulant administered in the treatment of narcolepsy. The authors point out, however, that in-depth tests and studies must still be carried out before the real potential of these substances can be considered.
Depression, still not taken seriously
Professor Andrew McIntosh, one of the main authors of the study and a member of the Center for Clinical Brain Sciences at the University of Edinburgh, however, considers that the research carried out, although substantial, is not sufficient. “There are large holes in our understanding of clinical depression that limit opportunities to improve outcomes for those affected”he says. According to him, “Larger, more globally representative studies are essential to provide the information needed to develop new and better therapies, and to prevent the disease in people at higher risk of developing it.”
David Crepaz-Keay, head of research and applied learning at the Mental Health Foundation, agrees. Although he recognizes that the diversity of genetic heritage constitutes “a significant step forward”he wants to put into perspective the importance of the genetic factor in the appearance of depression. According to the researcher, “depression prevention must focus on broader societal issues that impact mental health to a much greater extent, such as experiences of poverty or racism”.
In any case, the management of depressive problems could have a considerable impact on the lives of many patients. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), “3.8% of the population suffers from depression”or 280 million people.
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