A recent study reveals that exposure to air pollution before conception could have consequences on children’s health. Researchers observed a link between this exposure and a higher body mass index (BMI) in young children.
This research, carried out by an international team, sheds light on an often neglected period: the three month preceding the pregnancy. The results suggest that fine particles and carbon dioxidenitrogen in theair could influence children’s early development, opening new perspectives on environmental factors and health.
A critical period: before conception
The preconception period, often little known, plays a key role in the future health of the child. Sperm and ova, in phase final maturation, are sensitive to environmental factors. Increased exposure to pollution during this period could alter their development, with repercussions on the child’s growth.
The study analyzed data from 5,834 mother-child pairs in Shanghai. The researchers used models ofmachine learning to estimate daily exposure to pollutants, including fine particles (PM2.5 and PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). These estimates were cross-referenced with measurements of weight and size of children up to the age of two.
Measurable effects and concrete solutions for future parents
Children exposed to high levels of PM2.5 before conception had a 0.078 increase in their standardized BMI at two years of age. For PM10, the increase was 0.093 kg/m². These differences, although modest, could have a significant impact at the population level, given the prevalence of air pollution.
-Researchers highlight the importance of reducing exposure to air pollution for expectant parents. Wearing a mask, using air purifiers or limiting outings during pollution peaks are simple but effective measures. These precautions could help prevent the risks of childhood obesity.
Research to continue
Although this study is observational, it opens the way to further investigations. The researchers plan to study the impact of pollution in other regions, such as sud of California, where pollution levels vary widely. This research could confirm whether the effects observed in Shanghai are generalizable to other environmental contexts.
Furthermore, scientists plan to evaluate the effectiveness of air purifiers in reducing health risks linked to pollution. Interventional studies could determine whether these devices, used before and during pregnancy, limit the harmful effects on the growth and health of children. This work could lead to practical recommendations for future parents.
