Presidential decrees: what exactly did Trump sign?

US President Donald Trump adopted 200 executive actions, signing executive orders, proclamations and memorandums, just hours after his inauguration, according to the White House review. With his multiple strokes of the pen, he erased large sections of the legacy of his Democratic predecessor and began to leave his mark on the country.

Withdrawal of the United States from the World Health Organization (WHO), 75-day postponement of the suspension of TikTok, creation of the “department of government efficiency”, ban on teleworking for civil servants, stipulation that it does not there are only two genres, decision of put people over fish (a memorandum intended to “end radical environmentalism to provide water to Southern California): on the first day of his second term, the 47th American president used his pen energetically, signing his name to numerous documents with a very broad scope.

According to the Washington Postthe 47th president specifically issued a record 26 executive orders on the first day of his term, three times more than his predecessor Joe Biden on the same date last year.

Several of his actions will likely be contested in court – some legal proceedings have even already been launched.

Here are five executive actions that are getting attention.

Declare a national emergency at the southern border

Several documents signed by Donald Trump target illegal immigration, the cornerstone of his electoral program, notably with the proclamation of a national emergency at the border with Mexico.

It is my responsibility as President to ensure that the illegal entry of aliens into the United States through the southern border is immediately and completely stopped.he decreed in the proclamation, where he deplored a invasion who caused the chaos.

America’s sovereignty is under attack.

The declaration includes the deployment of troops and equipment, including unmanned aerial systems, to the southern border and the addition of physical barriers to strengthen the security of the country.

An executive order dedicated to border protection includes the expulsion of foreigners who enter or remain in the United States illegally and the construction of a wall; another status that the American Armed Forces must prioritize the defense of territorial sovereignty at the border.

A third decree aims to protect the American people from invasion migratory.

Limit the scope of land law

Another of the migration decrees aims to limit the scope of the right of soil, which confers on any person born on American territory the right to obtain American nationality, under the 14th Amendment of the Constitution, the interpretation of which Donald Trump contests usual.

The executive action is intended to restrict U.S. citizenship to individuals born in the United States with at least one parent who is a U.S. citizen or permanent resident.

The decree must apply to people born on or after the 30th day following its signing. Already, it is being challenged in the courts: it is the subject of at least four lawsuits, launched in particular by states led by Democrats.

With the District of Columbia and the City of San Francisco, 18 states have initiated legal proceedings in a federal court in Massachusetts. Four other states have launched a lawsuit in Washington state. Two other lawsuits were filed by various migrant advocacy groups.

The office of Massachusetts Attorney General Andrea Joy Campbell, among the plaintiffs who find the order unconstitutional, estimates that it would deprive more than 150,000 children of the right to American citizenship annually.

Pardon Capitol storming rioters

A little more than four years after the assault on the Capitol that shook the country, those whom Donald Trump has often described ashostages obtained clemency from the politician whose defeat they contested, particularly this famous January 6, 2021.

By proclamation, he granted a presidential pardon to almost all of the approximately 1,600 people prosecuted for their participation in this attack, including several rioters who attacked police officers.

This proclamation ends a grave national injustice perpetrated against the American people over the past four years and begins a process of national reconciliation.

According to the New York Timesnearly 1000 individuals, for example prosecuted for having illegally entered the building or violated the Capitol grounds, had not taken violent action.

However, more than 600 others had been accused of more serious acts, including obstructing the action of law enforcement or assault. Nearly a third were accused of using weapons such as baseball or hockey sticks or wooden boards.

Donald Trump also commuted the sentences of 14 members of the far-right Proud Boys and Oath Keepers militias, the majority of whom were convicted of seditious conspiracy.

Several of the rioters sentenced to prison have already been released.

Donald Trump also ordered the Justice Department to drop ongoing prosecutions.

Declare a national energy emergency

By decree, Donald Trump declared a national energy emergency, one of several measures taken Monday to favor fossil fuels.

We will drill, drill and drill again.

Other orders and executive actions, for example, lift restrictions on drilling in Alaska and eliminate restrictions on the export of liquefied natural gas.

At the same time, Donald Trump neutralized other actions of his predecessor to fight global warming, for example abandoning the Biden administration’s policies favoring increased production of electric vehicles.

As in 2017, he further announced the American withdrawal from the Paris Climate Agreement, which the United States had rejoined under the 46th president.

Rename the Gulf of Mexico “Gulf of America”

The area formerly known as the Gulf of Mexico will henceforth be called America’s Gulf, Donald Trump has ruled, citing the historical, tourist and economic importance – particularly because of fisheries and oil and gas reserves – of the Gulf for the United States.

It thus orders the Secretary of the Interior to remove all references to the Gulf of Mexico and the American Board on Geographic Names to work to ensure that all references to this area reflect its new name, including on geographic maps , contracts and other documents.

This decision obviously has no effect on the international community, which will be able to continue talking about the Gulf of Mexico.

The decree, entitled Restoring the names that honor American greatnessalso plans to give Mount Denali, in Alaska, its former name of Mount McKinley, in homage to former US President William McKinley, reversing a decision by Democratic President Barack Obama.

With information from Washington Post, The Guardian and Reuters