The evaluation protocol included an analysis tool called “ The Cognition Battery », which included ten complex exercises: memorizing three-dimensional figures, recognizing facial emotions or even manipulating objects in a precise order. The astronauts were tested before departure, twice during their mission, and then once back on land.
The researchers observed that certain functions, such as attention, slowed down from the start of the space stay, while the speed of information processing only returned to its initial level after returning to Earth. This adaptation of the brain to space conditions can be explained by multiple factors: cosmic radiation, disruption of gravity, sleep deprivation and particularly demanding working conditions.
Results which prove very valuable for the preparation of future long-term missions, in particular those aimed at conquering Mars. Scientists now have reliable tools that will allow them to evaluate and monitor the cognitive performance of astronauts throughout their mission. A big advantage for preventing possible difficulties: increased risk of errors, impact on social interactions within the crew or on mental health.
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