Morocco is in the process of adopting a legislative framework to protect its tangible and intangible heritage. To this end, Bill No. 33.22 introduces innovative measures to address multiple challenges, in accordance with international commitments and the needs to preserve the Kingdom’s heritage.
In a context marked by significant challenges, notably attempts to appropriate certain elements of Moroccan heritage, the Ministry of Culture has decided to strengthen the relevant legislative arsenal. Bill 33.22 thus aims to protect the multiple facets of Moroccan heritage, while promoting its role in the economic and cultural development of the Kingdom.
This reform is also part of a dynamic of modernization of legal tools to harmonize national legislation with international conventions. It responds to several major challenges, including the digitization of heritage, the fight against illicit trafficking of cultural goods and the promotion of Moroccan identity in the run-up to major events, such as the 2030 World Cup.
The major innovations brought by the bill
Bill 33.22 introduces an expanded definition of Moroccan heritage, which now encompasses several dimensions. First of all, intangible heritage, including traditions, know-how, cultural practices and identity symbols such as the caftan or the zellige, is particularly highlighted to counter attempts at foreign appropriation. Then, natural heritage, including natural sites, landscapes and geological formations, is also taken into account in this new vision. Finally, underwater heritage, made up of remains submerged in Moroccan waters, such as wrecks or historic underwater structures, benefits from specific recognition.
Furthermore, the protection of intangible heritage is also a central priority. The bill provides mechanisms to promote these cultural elements and prevent their appropriation by other countries. These measures are part of Morocco’s commitments, particularly in accordance with the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Heritage.
And to highlight the geological wealth of the Kingdom, the text proposes provisions aimed at preserving the natural and geological heritage. This includes the protection of fossils, geological formations, meteorites and other scientific or historical elements, essential to the natural identity of the country.
Moroccan underwater heritage, often little known, is also highlighted. Thanks to its vast Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts, Morocco has an exceptional underwater heritage, made up of wrecks, structures and submerged objects. This bill marks the official recognition of this unique heritage and its integration into the legislative framework.
Historical and artistic complexes, such as ancient cities, kasbahs and ksours, now benefit from reinforced legal supervision. Furthermore, the text introduces regulations to combat the illegal export of Moroccan works of art, while facilitating legal procedures for their sale or export.
Another major innovation also lies in the recognition of “living human treasures”. These individuals, holders of unique know-how and cultural practices, are considered essential vectors for the transmission of intangible heritage to future generations.
And to strengthen the fight against illicit trafficking in cultural property, the bill provides for strict measures, in particular the strengthening of customs controls and the establishment of a clear framework for authorized exports.
At the same time, the digitization of heritage is highlighted to guarantee its preservation and make it accessible to a wider audience. This initiative is part of a desire to combine tradition and modernity, while meeting the needs of digital transformation.
Finally, the law regulates the protection of works of art, by strictly regulating their export. Creations inspired by Moroccan craftsmanship and made by local artists are particularly protected to prevent their illegal transfer abroad.
