After successful weight loss, the risk of gaining weight back is high. But why?
A recent study carried out by ETH Zurich has helped to lift part of the veil. Researchers have discovered that obesity permanently modifies the epigenome of fat cells. Unlike DNA, which remains unchanged, the epigenome records chemical modifications influenced by our lifestyle and eating habits.
These epigenetic markings function like a biological memory. When a fat cell experiences the state of obesity, it retains this imprint even after a loss of weight. This memory then makes it more likely that you will quickly regain weight following a diet.
In mice, researchers identified these marks in adipocytes after dieting. They observed that specimens who had lost weight regained fat much more quickly than those who had never been obese. This experiment suggests that these cells remain programmed to store fat excessively.
Analyzes carried out on human samples confirm these results. In collaboration with the Karolinska Institute and several European hospitals, the researchers analyzed tissues from patients who had undergone stomach reduction. The epigenetic signatures found support the idea of a lasting memory of obesity in our cells.
This discovery revolutionizes our understanding of the mechanisms of weight gain. The researchers point out that fat cells are probably not the only ones to keep this molecular memory. Other cell types, notably in the brain or blood vessels, could also play a key role in the yo-yo effect.
For the moment, there is no method to erase this epigenetic memory. Adipose cells, with their longevity of almost ten years, represent a major problem for researchers. However, this work could pave the way for treatments targeting these molecular marks in the future.
In the meantime, preventing obesity from an early age remains the best weapon. Understanding that this phenomenon is anchored in our biology also helps to remove the guilt often associated with the yo-yo effect. The researchers hope to promote a more benevolent approach to this problem.
What is epigenetic memory in fat cells?
Epigenetic memory refers to the ability of fat cells to retain chemical modifications to their DNA, without changing the sequence. genetic herself. These marks influence gene expression, dictating their activation or their inhibition.
In individuals who have been obese, these marks remain present long after weight loss. They encourage cells to promote the storage of fat and limit their combustion, thus increasing the risk of weight regain.
These marks, formed by influences such as diet and obesity, are stable but could be modified in the future by treatments. Their understanding is essential for designing sustainable strategies against the yo-yo effect.
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