an increased risk of long-term mortality?

Each year, around 10% of births worldwide are premature: they occur before 37 weeks of gestation. While advances in medicine have significantly improved the chances of survival of premature babies, a recent study reveals that the consequences can extend well beyond early childhood. Scientists from Wake Forest University School of Medicine (United States) and SickKids Hospital in Toronto (Canada) have highlighted an increased risk of mortality into adulthood for people born prematurely.

Increased risk of mortality up to age 36

The study, a first on this scale in North America, followed a sample of nearly 5 million births recorded in Canada between 1983 and 1996. Among these births, 6.9% were premature. The researchers studied the evolution of individuals over a period ranging from 23 to 36 years, categorizing premature births according to gestational age: extremely premature (24-27 weeks), very premature (28-31 weeks), moderately premature (32-33 weeks) and late premature (34-36 weeks).

The results, published in JAMA Network Openare clear: the risk of mortality is higher for people born prematurely, all categories combined, compared to those born at term (37-41 weeks). This risk is particularly critical during the first year of life and early childhood (1-5 years), but persists into the fourth decade, age 36.

The causes of mortality identified by researchers include respiratory, circulatory and digestive disorders, as well as infectious, endocrine and nervous system diseases. Researchers have also noted a link to certain cancers and birth defects. Note that the earlier the birth, the higher the risk, with children born before 28 weeks being the most vulnerable. “Premature birth should be recognized as a significant risk factor for mortality, not only in childhood but also in adulthood”summarize the scientists in a press release.

What medical follow-up for people born prematurely?

This research highlights the importance of continued medical monitoring for those born prematurely, to mitigate long-term risks. More research is also needed, researchers say, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, where rates of premature births are highest. By better understanding the causes and mechanisms of these risks, health professionals will be able to develop prevention strategies and improve the quality of life of individuals born prematurely, they conclude.