Mysterious link between cat ownership and schizophrenia is real, study finds

In December 2023, a team of Australian researchers published a groundbreaking analysis in the Schizophrenia Bulletin. This study challenges our perception of domestic cats, suggesting a potential link between their presence in the home and an increased risk of developing schizophrenic disorders. Although this discovery raises many questions, it also opens new perspectives on the environmental factors that can influence our mental health.

Despite his haughty appearance, the cat is more attached to his humans than it seems. Trace the history of its evolution alongside us in Bêtes de Science. © Futura

The Toxoplasma gondii parasite: an unexpected suspect

At the heart of this conundrum is Toxoplasma gondiiand parasiteparasite microscopic often associated with cats. This microorganism, generally harmless to most people, could play an unsuspected role in the development of mental disorders. Here are some key points to remember:

• TT. gondii can be transmitted through undercooked meat, contaminated water or contact with infected cats;
• approximately 40 million Americans are believed to carry the parasite, often without symptoms;
• Once in the body, T. gondii can infiltrate the central nervous system and influence neurotransmitters.

Dr. John McGrath and his team at Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research analyzed studies conducted since 1995, when the hypothesis of a link between cats and schizophrenia was first proposed. Their results suggest that people exposed to cats are about twice as likely to develop schizophrenic disorders.

Could owning a cat influence schizophrenia? Surprising findings according to a study. © Irina Belova, iStock

A complex relationship between felines and mental health

The Australian study highlights lightlight an intriguing correlation, but it is essential to note that correlation does not imply causation. The researchers highlight several important points:

An American study involving 354 psychology students found no direct link between cat ownership and schizotypy scores. However, it found that people who had been bitten by a cat had higher scores on some psychological scales.

Beyond Toxoplasma, other avenues to explore

Yes, yes T. gondii remains the main suspect, other factors could explain this mysterious association. Researchers have suggested that other pathogens, such as Pasteurella multocidacould also play a role. This bacteria, present in the salivasaliva cats, could influence certain aspects of our psychology.

It is central to emphasize that this discovery should not lead to unjustified panic. The study authors call for caution and additional high-quality research. They recommend:

1. Studies based on large representative samples.
2. A better understanding of the potential mechanisms at play.
3. Exploring other environmental factors that may influence mental health.

This fascinating study opens new perspectives on the complex interactions between our environment, our animal companions and our mental health. Although many questions remain unanswered, it highlights the importance of continued research in this intriguing area of ​​medical science.