Underwater tunnels, such as the Channel Tunnel, fascinate with their ingenuity. Building a tunnel under the sea is a major technical challenge that requires specialized methods. The design must be done within strict cost and time constraints. The construction time of a tunnel can vary depending on several factors, including the length of the tunnel, the geological conditions, the technology used and the environmental constraints. For a medium-sized undersea tunnel, it takes between five and ten years to build. It must be said that before a tunnel under the sea can be started, there are complex steps to go through.
First, studies are conducted to analyze the soil and minimize the impact on the marine ecosystem. Scientists determine which method to use for the construction of the tunnels. Two types of underwater tunnels are known: tunneling by tunnel boring machine, with lining segments, and submerged tunnels, with tubes. The first technique, which consists of digging real trenches, is often used to build tunnels at great depth. In shallow water or if the soil is too complex to dig, the submerged tunnel technique is preferred. We then speak of “tubes” to designate the prefabricated sections that will be assembled underwater.
The construction of these types of tunnels can have significant environmental impacts such as disruption (…)
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