Faced with climate challenges and the growing demand for carbon-free energy, France is positioning itself with ambition in the race for mini-nuclear reactors, or SMR (Small Modular Reactors). This booming sector is seeing the emergence of start-ups supported by the State, as part of the program France 2030aimed at strengthening energy sovereignty and supporting technological innovation.
A new lease of life for French nuclear power
In 2024, eleven French start-ups, such as Jimmy, Newcleo et Naarehave joined the ranks of nuclear players, benefiting from subsidies to develop innovative solutions. Among them, Calogenfrom the Gorgé group, stands out for its concept of mini-reactor dedicated to district heating. With a thermal power of 30 MWthe model Cal-30 could heat up approximately 20,000 homes. A technology with enormous potential, capable of transforming our heating networks into carbon-free solutions.
This innovation is based on a simple and compact design: heat production at low pressure (approximately 5 bars) and at moderate temperature (100 °C). Unlike conventional reactors, the priority here is not electricity production, but maximum efficiency for district heating.
Promises and challenges
Promises :
1. Economic development : The mini-reactor sector is expected to generate massive investments. For example, the Helsinki project, requiring up to 15 reactorsrepresents a potential market for 1.5 billion euros.
2. Reduction of CO₂ emissions : These technologies target the total decarbonization of urban heat networks, today largely dependent on fossil fuels.
3. Modularity and flexibility : SMRs are easily integrated into urban or industrial environments.
Challenges :
1. Complex regulations : Each model must obtain approval from the Nuclear Safety Authority (ASN), a long and costly process.
2. International competition : Players like Finland, with their reactor LDR-50or the United States, are increasing pressure on the European market.
3. Social acceptance : Despite clear benefits, the word “nuclear” still arouses reluctance linked to safety and waste management.
Calogena and Helsinki: a promising partnership
The city of Helsinki, with the second largest urban heating network in the world, is a strategic partner for Calogena. In search of carbon-free solutions to replace natural gas and biomass, the Finnish capital plans to invest in SMRs capable of producing 400 MW of heat. The interest shown by Helsinki proves the relevance of French projects on an international scale.
In short, French start-ups like Calogena play a key role in the evolution of nuclear power. These innovations, supported by the State, could position France as a world leader in SMRs, while responding to environmental challenges. However, their success will depend on the speed of regulatory procedures, competitiveness compared to other countries, and above all, the ability to convince the general public of their advantages..
