In the early film era, technological limitations meant that films could only be shot in black and white. Early colorization processes like Technicolor were very expensive at the time. The restoration of black and white films allowed audiences to experience color classics like Joan of Arc (1916) and The Phantom of the Opera (1925). Some modern filmmakers have chosen to shoot their own films in black and white for artistic reasons. This is the case with Martin Scorsese’s Raging Bull, Steven Spielberg’s Schindler’s List, and Matthew Kassovitz’s La Haine.
Film colorization was first done with dyes. Artists had to chemically color the film stock, frame by frame. In the 1980s, the first digital colorization technique revolutionized restoration processes. Technicians scanned black and white films, then applied colors to each object with software and a digital brush. A detailed analysis of the black and white film was required to obtain information about the colors used. This process was adopted by several production companies, but was controversial due to the inauthentic restoration. Today, modern software and AI make it possible to achieve high-quality video restoration.
Filmmakers sought to add color to their films towards the end of the 19th century. (…)
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