A large Korean study shows that the consumption of black coffee, especially in women, is linked to better control of glucose and a reduction in resistance to insulin, highlighting the potential role of coffee in metabolic health.
Study: Association between coffee consumption and markers of glucose metabolism in Korean adults. Image credit: Shutterstock Ai Generator / Shutterstock.com
A recent study published in Nutrients Explore the association between coffee consumption and glucose metabolism in Korean adults.
Can coffee help regulate blood sugar and support diabetes care?
Coffee is one of the most popular drinks in the world; However, existing studies have reported mixed results on its health impact.
Although each cup of additional coffee has been suggested to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), regardless of the presence of caffeine, the mechanisms involved in this association remain vague. Previous in vitro et in vain Studies have reported that abundant coffee polyphenols can improve insulin sensitivity, which is crucial for diabetes management in order to reduce insulin resistance (IR).
In 2019, Koreans drank 315 grams of total drinks per capita, 108 grams of which were coffee. Various types of coffee are consumed in South Korea, with a mixture of instant coffee, which is rich in sugar and saturated fatty acids, constituting a significant part of the Korean coffee market.
To date, few studies have considered the type of coffee while evaluating the association between the supply of coffee and the metabolism of glucose.
About the study
The data was obtained from the national survey on health and nutrition examinations in Korea (KNHANES) between 2019 and 2021. In total, 7,453 adults between 19 and 64 years old were questioned about their coffee consumption and the type of coffee they consumed over a period of 24 hours.
The type of coffee reported was either black coffee or coffee with sugar and / or cream. Study participants were classified as non-droops and those who drank one, two and three cups or more / day.
In large-scale epidemiological studies, the IR is generally measured using the assessment of the homeostasis model of insulin resistance (Homa-IR). High Homa values have historically been correlated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases such as hypertension and T2DM.
For current analysis, researchers have studied the impact of coffee consumption on various glucose metabolism markers, including A1C hemoglobin (HBA1C), Homa-IR, Homa-β, Jewish glucose and fasting insulin levels.
Study results
Overall, the consumption of two cups of coffee per day was associated with a reduced risk of 23% of high empty-old insulin or Homa-IR. For black coffee, homa-ir and fasting insulin levels have been reduced by 26% and 21%, respectively, among those who consumed a cup or less black coffee every day.
No significant reduction in homa-ir or fasting insulin levels was observed in people who consumed two cups of coffee or more per day. Adding sugar and / or coffee cream did not affect this association.
Women who drank two cups of coffee or more have shown more pronounced improvements in hom-IR insulin levels and on an empty stomach by 27% and 30%, respectively. These advantages have been amplified in women who consumed three or more cups per day, with a reduction of 34% and 36% of the levels of Homa-IR and insulin on an empty stomach, respectively. No significant difference in Homa-IR or Burst insulin levels was observed when adding sugar and / or cream has been envisaged.
However, women who drank black coffee had better resistance to insulin and the metabolism of glucose than those who included sugar and / or cream in their coffee. Two cups of black coffee each day were associated with a 36% reduction in insulin levels at the Homa-IR and on an empty stomach.
These advantages were no longer significant when three cups or more black coffee were consumed every day. This lack of meaning may be due to a smaller number of people drinks three cups or more coffee a day.
The sexual differences observed could be due to different levels of sex liaison globulin (SHBG), which are low in many patients with T2DM but higher in women due to the presence of estrogens. Women are also less likely to smoke or drink, which can amplify the role of food in maintaining glucose metabolism.
No significant difference in HBA1C or Homa-β was associated with coffee consumption, corroborating the results of previous studies.
Coffee reduces glucose metabolism markers by improving insulin sensitivity rather than improving the function of beta cells. Previously, the researchers have hypothesized that several different mechanisms can be involved in the anti-diabetic effects of coffee, some of which are attributed to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of caffeine and other coffee compounds, reduced glucose absorption and a reduced glucose release of the liver.
Conclusions
Consuming two cups or more black coffee per day is inversely associated with insulin resistance in Korean women. «
This study is the first to use the data from KNHANES representative nationally to examine coffee associations with the metabolism of glucose by type of coffee consumed. Future studies are necessary to validate these results.
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